运营文化适应气候变化:来自美国农业的当代例子
Timothy M Waring1,2, Meredith T Niles3,4, Matthew M Kling3,5
1School of Economics, University of Maine, Orono 04473, ME, USA.
概括
本研究探讨了美国农业对气候变化的文化适应. 虽然作物选择显示适应气候趋势,但覆盖作物似乎更多是由经济驱动的,这凸显了对文化传播和政策的进一步研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 进化科学是一种进化科学.
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 气候适应研究可以从进化角度受益,但经验研究很少.
- 定义和运行"文化适应气候变化"对于严格的分析至关重要.
- 了解文化变化机制对于有效的气候适应战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过美国农业的实证案例研究,推进气候适应的进化研究.
- 将"文化适应气候变化"定义为一种机械的,人口层面的过程.
- 开发和应用一种操作方法来识别农业实践中的文化适应.
主要方法:
- 对2008-2021年美国农业数据 (作物选择,覆盖作物) 的分析.
- 应用基于文化适应的既定经验标准的操作方法.
- 检查与气候变量和经济因素相关的适应趋势.
主要成果:
- 有证据表明,美国一些地区的作物选择正在适应当地气候趋势.
- 覆盖作物种植的做法似乎更受经济因素的影响,而不是气候条件.
- 适应趋势的区域差异凸显了对适应驱动因素的进一步研究的需要.
结论:
- 文化适应气候变化是一个复杂的过程,需要进一步研究传播机制.
- 区分适应性和非适应性变化对于有效的气候政策至关重要.
- 未来的研究应侧重于影响农业区域适应能力的因素.
相关概念视频
01:16What is Climate?
18.6K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.6K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.7K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.7K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
10.7K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
10.7K
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
13.6K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
13.6K
01:50Global Climate Change
24.5K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.5K
02:16Light Acquisition
8.5K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
8.5K