衡量贫困对早产婴儿学习困难和行为的影响:一项队列研究
Thomas C W Isaac1, Dawn Odd2, Martin Edwards1
1Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK.
Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine
|September 18, 2023
概括
过早出生的孩子面临更高的学习困难风险,特别是来自社会贫困背景的孩子. 虽然社会剥夺并没有加剧早产风险,但最贫困的早产婴儿显示出最高的学习困难率.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 过早出生和社会剥夺是学习困难的确立风险因素.
- 这两个显著的风险因素之间的相互作用仍未得到充分研究.
- 这项研究调查了早产和社会剥夺对学习困难的综合影响.
研究的目的:
- 确定来自社会贫困家庭的早产儿童与来自较不贫困家庭的儿童相比,学习困难的比例不成比例地高.
- 分析早产和社会剥夺对学习困难风险的相互作用效应.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自于早产儿呼吸和神经结果研究 (RANOPS) 的数据.
- 采用多级逻辑回归模型来评估妊娠年龄和社会剥夺对学习困难的影响.
- 主要结果是家长报告的学习困难;次要结果包括行为问题和特殊教育需求陈述.
主要成果:
- 分析包括6,691名婴儿,调查的平均年龄为5岁.
- 社会剥夺 (OR 1.08) 和早产 (OR 2.67) 都与学习困难的风险增加有关.
- 关于学习困难的早产和社会剥夺之间没有发现显著的相互作用 (p=0.298).
结论:
- 无论是社会剥夺还是早产,都会独立地增加学习困难的风险.
- 社会剥夺似乎并没有放大与早产相关的风险.
- 然而,居住在最贫困地区的早产婴儿的学习困难率最高,这些地区近三分之一的极早产婴儿遇到学习挑战.
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