你看到的是你呼吸的东西吗? 使用街道平面图像估计空气污染的空间变化
Esra Suel1,2, Meytar Sorek-Hamer3,4, Izabela Moise1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
1Imperial College London.
概括
一种新的计算机视觉方法从街道层面的图像中估计了城市空气污染 (NO2和PM2.5). 这种方法提供了与传统模型相比较的高空间分辨率,并显示了全球应用的潜力.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,高分辨率的城市空气污染数据很少.
- 现有的估计方法需要大量的输入数据.
- 街道层面的图像提供了一个潜在的数据源.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种计算机视觉方法,通过街道图像来估计年度平均空气污染 (NO2和PM2.5).
- 评估开发的基于图像的模型在城市内和城市间的可转移性.
- 将计算机视觉方法的性能与传统的土地利用回归 (LUR) 和分散模型进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自伦敦,纽约和温哥华的每座城市大约25万张街道图像的数据集.
- 从当地校准的模型中使用NO2和PM2.5度的年度平均估计值作为培训标签.
- 设计实验以测试不同污染源配置文件的城市内和城市之间模型性能.
主要成果:
- 在同一个城市内进行培训和测试时,实现了高性能 (R2 0.510.95),与LUR模型相比.
- 在具有相似污染源配置文件的城市 (伦敦,纽约,温哥华) 之间转移模型方面取得了中等成功 (R2 00.67).
- 在不同来源配置文件的城市之间转移模型时观察到较低的性能 (R2 00.21) (阿克拉,香港).
结论:
- 计算机视觉提供了一种可行的方法,可以通过街道图像来估计城市空气污染的高分辨率.
- 模型的可转移性受到城市之间的污染源配置文件相似性的影响.
- 对于具有独特污染源配置文件的城市,建议使用额外的测量数据进行本地校准,以提高模型的准确性.
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