生态系统的健康和故障:从组织的角度来看
Emiliano Sfara1, Charbel N El-Hani1
1National Institute in Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Biology & philosophy
|September 18, 2023
概括
生态系统健康可以通过组织方法来理解,将健康的生态系统定义为保持其自我维护能力的生态系统. 该框架通过关注组织封闭性和功能完整性来解决对早期生态系统健康概念的批评.
科学领域:
- 生物学的哲学 生物学哲学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- "生态系统健康"的概念出现在20世纪70年代和80年代,认为由于生产力,功能或相互作用多样性的减少,生态系统可能会下降.
- 从20世纪90年代开始,这一概念因人类化生态系统而面临批评,因为它们与生物有很大不同.
- 最近的哲学方法强调"组织封闭"作为生物和生态系统之间的共同特征.
研究的目的:
- 探索组织方法的适用性,以定义生态系统的健康和故障.
- 将组织封闭的概念纳入生态健康评估中.
- 为理解生态系统活力提供一个框架,基于内在的自我维护能力.
主要方法:
- 在生物和生态系统中对组织封闭的概念分析.
- 检查生物成分的功能行为如何与生态系统的自我维护有关.
- 评估引入物种对生态系统组织封闭和稳定的影响.
主要成果:
- 功能故障的特点是生态系统内的生物成分在功能行为中的有效性降低.
- 引入的物种可以破坏组织的封闭,威胁到生态系统的自我维护.
- 呈现组织封闭性的生态系统在有利条件下具有自我维持的内在能力.
结论:
- 当生态系统作为一个重要的组织系统运作时,生态系统被认为是健康的.
- 健康是基于生态系统的内在能力,以确保适当的组件功能和自我维护.
- 组织方法为评估生态系统健康状况和识别故障提供了一个强大的框架.
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