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相关概念视频

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

1.2K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
1.2K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

359
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
359
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

4.3K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
4.3K
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

1.2K
When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's...
1.2K
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

4.2K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
4.2K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

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结构进化控制了电气双层中的可逆热生成.

Liang Zeng1, Ming Chen1, Zhenxiang Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Physical review letters
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
概括

超级电容器在电双层 (EDL) 形成过程中产生热量可以是内热或外热. 这项研究揭示了由结构变化驱动的水性和离子液体电解质的复杂热行为.

科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景情况:

  • 电气双层 (EDL) 的形成对于超级电容器可逆热生成至关重要.
  • 经典理论预测了外热热,但实验数据显示内热热的行为是可能的,受极化和电解质类型的影响.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究水和离子液体 (IL) 电解质中EDL形成的可逆热.
  • 探索控制超级电容器热行为的潜在机制.

主要方法:

  • 使用了恒定电位分子动力学模拟.
  • 为了分析EDL形成动态,开发了一种格子气体模型.

主要成果:

  • 在水性电解质中形成EDL在负极化下显示内热性.
  • 离子液体电解质表现出复杂的热特性:内热性,然后是外热性,无论电极极性如何.
  • 热行为是由结构进化决定的,溶剂分子在水性电解质中占主导地位,在IL中"脱"/"空缺占用".

结论:

  • 这项研究为超级电容器的可逆热生成提供了新的见解.
  • 提出了分析EDL热动态的理论框架.

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