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Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a...
54.7K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II01:23

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II

2.4K
For a system that undergoes a thermodynamic process at a constant volume condition, the heat absorbed is used only to increase the system's internal energy and not for doing any kind of work. While for a system undergoing a thermodynamic process under a constant pressure condition, the amount of heat absorbed is used not only for increasing the internal energy (as a function of temperature) but also for doing some work. The molar heat capacity is the amount of heat required to increase the...
2.4K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

2.2K
The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
2.2K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I01:14

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I

2.7K
Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by the substance corresponding to its temperature change. It is also called thermal capacity and the SI unit of heat capacity is J/K. Whereas, specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K and is also called massic heat capacity. Its SI unit is J/kg⋅K.
Molar heat capacity quantifies the ratio of the amount of heat added (or removed) to increase (or decrease) the...
2.7K
Gauss's Law01:07

Gauss's Law

7.4K
If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at one point must necessarily exit at some other point of the surface. Therefore, if a closed surface does not have any charges inside the enclosed volume, then the electric flux through the surface is zero. What happens to the electric flux if there are some charges inside the enclosed volume? Gauss's law gives a quantitative answer to this question.
7.4K
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

2.8K
Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
2.8K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

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在量子热电流上的普遍缩放边界.

Shunsuke Kamimura1,2, Kyo Yoshida1, Yasuhiro Tokura1

  • 1Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.

Physical review letters
|September 18, 2023
PubMed
概括

这项研究为量子系统中的热电流建立了新的上限,显示它在大型系统中最多为L3的尺度. 对于特定的量子系统来说,可以推导出一个更可行的L2边界,帮助量子热力学装置设计.

科学领域:

  • 量子热力学就是量子热力学.
  • 统计力学 统计力学
  • 凝聚物质物理学 凝聚物质物理学

背景情况:

  • 了解量子系统中的热传输对于开发量子技术至关重要.
  • 之前的研究已经在各种量子模型中探索了热流,但一般系统的缩放规律尚未完全确立.

研究的目的:

  • 导出热流流入量子L粒子系统与马科夫环境相结合的热流的新基本边界.
  • 为了研究这个热流的缩放行为,系统大小为L.
  • 探索对量子热力学设备性能的影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用系统和系统环境的热流理论极限的推导 哈密尔顿.
  • 在大系统大小 (L) 的极限中分析缩放规律.
  • 考虑特定的系统类别,包括不相互作用的粒子和具有限制噪声操作员非诊断元件的系统.

主要成果:

  • 在大型量子系统中证明了热电流的绝对值的普遍上限是 Θ(L3).
  • 举一个和这个边界的例子,尽管它需要复杂的多体环境相互作用.
  • 对于具有特定噪声操作器属性的系统,以超辐射为例,可以获得一个更紧密的 Θ(L2) 边界.

结论:

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

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  • 导出的边界为量子系统中可实现的最大热流提供了关键的见解.
  • 这些发现对于优化量子热引擎,冰箱和电池的性能至关重要.
  • 结果为设计和评估下一代量子热力学设备提供了理论框架.