灾难真菌学 灾难真菌学
Daniel F Q Smith1, Arturo Casadevall2
1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA. dsmit274@jhmi.edu.
Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud
|September 18, 2023
概括
灾害重塑微生物群落,影响生态系统,并可能导致人类出现新的真菌病. 了解灾难微生物学对于预测环境和健康风险至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病原体的进化过程
背景情况:
- 灾害显著改变环境,影响微生物种群和非微生物生命.
- 灾难微生物学研究了灾难后的微生物适应 (生长,死亡,特征发展) 和它们的生态后果.
- 历史和最近的事件表明,真菌受到灾害的影响,从小行星撞击到风.
研究的目的:
- 介绍和定义灾难微生物学的新兴概念.
- 突出各种灾害对真菌种群的历史和持续影响.
- 探索真菌适应极端条件 (如高温) 的可能性,以及对人类健康的后续影响.
主要方法:
- 对有关微生物和真菌对过去灾害的反应的历史和考古记录的审查.
- 对微生物社区在干旱,沙尘暴和风等自然灾害后发生的转变的最新生态数据的分析.
- 对观察到的真菌适应的推断,以预测与气候变化引起的极端高温相关的未来风险.
主要成果:
- 经过重大环境破坏,包括小行星撞击和恐龙灭绝事件,已经记录了真菌的繁殖和变化.
- 土壤真菌受到干旱和沙尘暴的干扰,而风后菌的生长增加,导致疾病发生率更高.
- 全球气温预期上升可能会促使真菌适应耐热性,反映人体条件.
结论:
- 灾害微生物学为了解灾害对微生物生命的环境和健康影响提供了一个框架.
- 由气候变化驱动的真菌适应极端温度,对哺乳动物 (包括人类) 新出现的传染病构成重大风险.
- 需要积极的研究和监测,以应对新型真菌病原体的潜在增加.
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