紧急部门的访问对野火,烟雾和火灾做出非线性反应
Sam Heft-Neal1, Carlos F Gould2, Marissa L Childs3
1Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
概括
野火烟雾暴露会导致急诊室访问的情况发生重大变化. 虽然适度的烟雾增加了访问,但极端的烟雾日导致更少的访问,特别是对于非紧急的问题,由于行为变化.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 野火烟雾造成的空气污染对公众健康造成越来越大的关注.
- 野火烟雾事件可以触发影响健康结果的行为反应.
- 了解这些行为影响对于公共卫生准备至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化野火烟雾暴露对加利福尼亚州急诊室 (ED) 访问的影响.
- 调查烟雾度水平与ED访问模式之间的关系.
- 评估行为变化在调解吸烟相关健康影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 结合地理位置ED访问数据 (2006-2017年) 与空间解析的PM2.5烟雾度.
- 分析了对不同烟雾水平的ED访问总数的非线性反应.
- 利用互联网搜索,交通和公园参观数据推断行为变化.
主要成果:
- 低/中等烟雾日增加了ED总访问的1-1.5%,极端烟雾日减少了6-9%的访问.
- 对于非紧急情况和意外伤害,在极端烟雾的日子里ED访问的数量有所下降,不成比例地影响了保险人数较少的人群.
- 喘,COPD和咳的ED访问在极端烟雾的日子后增加了30-110%.
- 行为变化,如减少医疗保健利用,与互联网搜索,交通和公园参观数据一致.
结论:
- 野火烟雾通过直接的健康影响和行为反应显著改变ED访问模式.
- 行为调解,特别是在极端烟雾的日子里减少了寻求医疗保健,在整体烟雾影响中发挥着重要作用.
- 未来的公共卫生战略必须考虑到这些行为动态,特别是随着野火频率和强度的增加.
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