对于侵略的神经内分泌控制的季节性切换假设
Gregory E Demas1, Kathleen M Munley2, Aaron M Jasnow3
1Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, and Program in Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM
|September 18, 2023
概括
季节性变化影响动物的攻击性,挑战了仅仅涉及淋巴腺类固醇的想法. 黑色素可能通过额外腺类固醇协调侵略性,特别是在季节性环境中.
科学领域:
- 行为内分泌学行为内分泌学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 侵略是一种普遍的社会行为,通常与性腺类固醇有关.
- 这种联系主要是基于雄性动物研究,在其他物种或性别中证据较少.
- 侵略性的季节性变化,就像在仓鼠中一样,即使发生低淋巴腺类固醇水平,也会发生,这表明了其他机制.
研究的目的:
- 为侵略提出季节性转换假设.
- 探索驱动侵略的非腺机制,特别是季节性变化.
- 为了研究黑激素和额外腺类固醇在侵略中的作用.
主要方法:
- 综合内分泌学和行为分析的多学科方法.
- 跨不同物种和性别的比较研究.
- 与侵略水平相关的荷尔蒙特征 (阴道和外阴道类固醇) 的分析.
- 研究光周期 (日长) 对荷尔蒙和行为模式的影响.
主要成果:
- 淋巴腺类固醇并不是所有情况下侵略的唯一调解者.
- 侵略性的季节性变化可以独立于循环的淋巴腺类固醇水平而发生.
- 黑色素似乎在调解季节性侵略模式方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 受到黑激素影响的额外淋巴腺类固醇与特定环境的侵略有关.
结论:
- 季节性转换假设为理解侵略提供了一个新的框架.
- 侵略性是由季节性环境线索通过淋巴腺类固醇之外的荷尔蒙途径调节的.
- Melatonin 驱动的,外淋巴腺类固醇机制是季节性和特定环境的侵略的关键.
相关概念视频
02:45Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
34.7K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
34.7K
01:19Regulation of Hormone Secretion
3.5K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
Humoral...
3.5K
01:37Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
60.4K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
60.4K
01:47Aggression
27.8K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
27.8K
01:20Physiology of Emotion
947
The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
947
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
278
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
278