生态基因组学和培养揭示了波罗的海滑液表面微层中独特的病毒-细菌群落
Janina Rahlff1, Matthias Wietz2,3, Helge-Ansgar Giebel4,5
1Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden. janina.rahlff@uol.de.
ISME communications
|September 18, 2023
概括
沿海水域的地表滑动藏着独特的病毒和细菌. 这项研究揭示了明显的病毒群落和更高的微生物丰富度在光滑的海面微层,影响生物地化学循环.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 海洋病毒学 海洋病毒学
- 沿海生态系统的动态
背景情况:
- 可见的表面膜,称为滑膜,在水生环境中很常见,特别是在沿海地区.
- 海面微层 (SML) 是水的最上层,是独特的微生物群落的所在地,但SML病毒仍未得到充分研究.
- 滑动在SML中创造了独特的微环境,可能会影响微生物和病毒种群.
研究的目的:
- 描述和比较滑性SML中的病毒和细菌群落与非滑性SML和底层海水中的病毒和细菌群落.
- 研究病毒在滑的SML环境中的作用及其对生物地球化学循环的潜在影响.
- 确定特定的病毒操作分类单位 (vOTU) 和它们与细菌的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 利用流细胞计,元基因组学和培养技术进行综合分析.
- 采用尺寸分成过方法来区分病毒-宿主和病毒-颗粒的关联.
- 在滑性SML,非滑性SML和地下水 (SSW) 样本中比较了微生物和病毒群落.
主要成果:
- 与非滑性SML和SSW相比,滑性SML表现出更高的病毒样颗粒, prokaryotic细胞和溶解的有机碳的丰度.
- 在滑式SML中观察到不同的病毒群落 (428vOTU),其中有许多流性病毒和与颗粒的关联.
- 滑式SML中的细菌群体显示了动力和碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes) 的丰富基因.
- 在滑式SML中发现了9个独特的VOTU,其中6个是来自Gammaproteobacteria的特定CRISPR间隔器的目标.
- 三种新型的菌体感染了丰富的粘性SML细菌 (Alishewanella sp. 和Pseudoalteromonas tunicata) 已经被分离出来.
结论:
- 滑性SML藏着一个独特而活跃的病毒群体,与周围的水域不同.
- 病毒活动,包括大量细菌的溶解,可能在滑性SML内的营养循环中发挥着重要作用.
- 这些发现凸显了病毒在沿海滑环境中的生态重要性,以及它们对生物地化学过程的贡献.
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