情绪调节作为一个复杂的系统:一种多上下文和多层次的方法来理解中国和美国学龄前儿童的情绪表达和皮质醇反应
Ka I Ip1, Alison L Miller2, Li Wang3
1Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Developmental science
|September 19, 2023
概括
儿童的情绪表达和皮质醇反应性因文化和环境而异. 中国学龄前儿童的整体情绪表现较低,但对成绩挑战的反应强烈,与美国儿童不同.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 孩子的情绪调节 孩子的情绪调节
背景情况:
- 普遍认为,东亚儿童在情感上表达能力低于西方儿童.
- 了解文化对儿童情绪表现和生物反应的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究中国和美国学龄前儿童在情绪表达和皮质醇反应方面的文化差异.
- 检查不同社会文化背景如何影响儿童的情绪反应.
主要方法:
- 在102名学龄前儿童 (58名来自中国,44名来自美国) 中,采用了多层次,多背景的方法.
- 参与者在三天内完成了三个挑战情感的范式.
- 行为情绪表达被编码,并在任务前后测量唾液皮质醇水平.
主要成果:
- 与美国学龄前儿童相比,当不考虑背景时,中国学龄前儿童总体上显示的积极和消极情绪较少.
- 在与成绩相关的挑战中,中国学龄前儿童的表达水平与美国儿童相似,负面表达更高.
- 成绩挑战独特地引起了中国学龄前儿童的皮质醇水平增加,与负面表达相关;美国学龄前儿童没有显示皮质醇增加.
结论:
- 这些发现挑战了东亚儿童情绪表达能力较低的普遍性.
- 儿童的情绪表达和生物反应能力受到社会文化背景的重大影响,特别是中国儿童的与成就有关的挑战.
- 关于情绪调节的未来研究必须纳入文化背景,以准确地解释研究结果.
相关概念视频
01:20Physiology of Emotion
947
The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
947
01:26Emotional Expression
277
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
277
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
84
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
84
01:20Labeling Emotion
169
Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
169
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
58
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
58
01:20Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion
458
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
458