环境稳健的cis监管变化是快速气候适应的基础
Mallory A Ballinger1,2,3, Katya L Mack4, Sylvia M Durkin1,2
1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
概括
基因表达的变化驱动了适应. 相互调节的变化形成了稳定的差异,而跨效应则提供了环境可塑性,帮助人口在新环境中定居.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 基因表达的变化对于适应性进化至关重要.
- 已知基因表达的环境敏感性,但对自然种群适应性表达分歧的遗传和环境影响还未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 在室内小鼠中描述 cis 和 trans 基因调节分歧.
- 确定遗传和环境因素对适应性基因表达的影响.
主要方法:
- 在温带和热带室内小鼠中利用了等位基因特异性表达分析.
- 在不同的热条件下,检查了代谢组织中的基因表达.
- 在野生种群中进行全基因组扫描以进行选择.
主要成果:
- 在种群和温度之间观察到普遍的基因表达分歧,5-10%的基因显示基因型与环境相互作用.
- 大多数表达差异是由温度稳定的 cis-regulatory 变化造成的.
- 表达的可塑性主要是由温度敏感的跨效应驱动的.
- 确定了与表达可塑性相关的温度依赖的 cis-regulatory 变化.
- 选择中的基因组异常值在cis-regulatory分歧中得到了丰富,特别是在影响体重和新陈代谢的基因中.
结论:
- 细胞调节性变化是进化表达差异和适应性体型进化的关键.
- 超作用因子在很大程度上控制表达可塑性,促进环境殖民.
- 结合的遗传和环境机制是人口在新的基础.
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