伴侣守护的成功取决于雄性对蝶的投资
Ádám Gór1, Zsolt Lang2, Kata Pásztor3
1Doctoral School of Veterinary Science University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest Budapest Hungary.
Ecology and evolution
|September 20, 2023
概括
雄性蝶产生交配式开放尾 (CAPs) 来保护伴侣. 较大的盾牌,一种CAP,持续更长时间,减少雌性交配机会和后代的遗传多样性. 男性对盾牌的投资随着女性的体积和男性的竞争而增加.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 包括蝶在内的许多昆虫物种中的雄性产生伴侣保护装置以确保父权.
- 云的阿波罗蝶 (Parnassius mnemosyne) 在这些装置中表现出变化,称为合开放尾 (CAP),包括小的CAP和更大的球形 (盾牌).
研究的目的:
- 为了研究 CAP 替代性在雌性蝶一生中的动态.
- 了解男性对小型CAP和盾牌的投资是如何受到CAP持久性,女性质量和成人性别比例的影响.
- 确定CAP变化的影响对父权保证和后代遗传多样性的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个广泛的6年标记-重新捕获的观察性研究,一个单一的云化阿波罗群体.
- 利用多州生存模型来估计CAP替代风险.
- 量化了CAP的持久性,女性的体积和成年人的性别比例,以分析男性的投资策略.
主要成果:
- 盾牌是最常见和最持久的CAP,通常持续到雌性的一生,从而限制了随后的交配机会.
- 具有盾牌的雌性经历了减少的性交后雌性选择,与具有小CAP的雌性相比,可能降低后代的遗传变异.
- 男人对盾牌的投资随着女人的胸部宽度和更高的人口水平的男性竞争 (性别比例) 的增加而增加.
结论:
- 男人对特定的伴侣保护装置 (盾牌与小CAP) 的投资取决于背景,受女性特征和交配竞争的影响.
- 盾牌的持久性显著影响雌性交配行为,并可能减少后代的遗传多样性.
- 这项研究为推动男性投资伴侣保护装置的因素及其进化后果提供了第一个定量见解.
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