长读测序揭示了蝙蝠免疫和癌症相关基因的快速演变
Armin Scheben1, Olivia Mendivil Ramos2, Melissa Kramer2
1Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA.
Genome biology and evolution
|September 20, 2023
概括
蝙蝠拥有独特的免疫系统,基因组分析揭示了从干扰素-α向干扰素-omega的转变. 这种适应可能解释了它们的病毒耐受性和作为疾病储存器的作用.
科学领域:
- 进行比较的基因组学.
- 哺乳动物进化 哺乳动物进化
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠表现出飞行,长寿和强大的免疫力等显著特征,这使得它们成为基因组研究的关键对象.
- 了解蝙蝠免疫系统的进化是至关重要的,因为它们的作用是动物感染病毒的储存库.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用长读测序,对两种蝙蝠物种进行全面的比较基因组分析.
- 研究蝙蝠免疫系统的进化适应,特别是I型干扰素.
- 探索蝙蝠寿命和抗癌能力的基因组基础.
主要方法:
- 使用牛津纳米孔长读技术对两种蝙蝠基因组 (Artibeus jamaicensis,Pterononotus mesoamericanus) 的测序.
- 用各种蝙蝠和非蝙蝠哺乳动物基因组进行比较基因组分析.
- 在免疫和癌症相关基因中识别基因重复,删除和积极选择事件.
主要成果:
- 基因组组件揭示了干扰素 (IFN) -α基因的收缩,将平衡转向IFN-ω.
- 三种蝙蝠物种已经失去了所有IFN-α基因,这表明它们依赖IFN-ω进行抗病毒防御.
- 观察到抗病毒基因的快速演变,包括谱系特异的重复和IFIT2.2中的积极选择.
- 在33个瘤抑制基因和6个DNA修复基因中发现了积极选择,这可能与长寿和抗癌能力有关.
结论:
- 蝙蝠的免疫系统显示了既保留的,又是特定于血统的进化策略.
- I型干扰素基因库的转变可能有助于蝙蝠的病毒耐受性.
- 对蝙蝠免疫力和寿命的基因组洞察力为未来对这些独特哺乳动物的研究提供了基础.
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