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捐助者活动与美国立法者关注政治问题有关
Pranav Goel1, Nikolay Malkin2,3, SoRelle W Gaynor4
1Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
PloS one
|September 20, 2023
概括
竞选捐助者显著影响立法者的政策优先事项,这体现在他们的国会演讲中. 这项研究揭示了金钱和政治话语之间的联系比以前理解的要强,影响了政治中的透明度.
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 计算社会科学 计算社会科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 竞选捐款是国会运作的核心,但它们的影响通常通过投票记录来研究.
- 立法者的讲话为他们的政策优先事项和立场提供了一个独特的窗口.
- 现有的研究还没有全面分析竞选捐助者与立法演讲内容之间的联系.
研究的目的:
- 分析竞选捐助者与美国众议院立法者演讲中优先考虑的政策问题之间的关系.
- 要确定捐赠者对言论的影响是否比其他因素 (如党派关系或委员会任务) 更重要.
- 开发一种方法来识别捐赠和演讲活动之间的直接联系.
主要方法:
- 在美国众议院代表 (1995-2018) 的新型数据集上使用了机器学习框架.
- 整合立法者元数据,包括委员会任务,演讲记录和政治行动委员会 (PAC) 捐款数据.
- 对比了捐赠者与语音内容的关联与控制变量,如党和本国.
主要成果:
- 发现竞选捐助者与立法者演讲中涉及的政策问题之间存在强有力的关系.
- 捐助者对立法者关注问题的影响力强于党派关系,本州或委员会任务.
- 开发了一种识别近距离演讲和捐赠活动的程序,突出了调查新闻的潜在领域.
结论:
- 竞选资金在塑造立法言论方面发挥着普遍作用,超出其对投票的影响.
- 调查结果表明,需要提高关于金钱在政治影响力的透明度.
- 开发的方法和数据集可以帮助未来对竞选融资和立法行为的研究.
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