使用管理数据调查乳牛疾病特征的遗传选择潜力
C Lynch1, F S Schenkel1, N van Staaveren1
1Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Journal of dairy science
|September 20, 2023
概括
基因选择可以通过针对呼吸系统问题和腹来改善小牛的健康状况. 来自较低级别的小牛的小牛更容易患上这些常见的小牛期疾病,这突出了基因改进的潜力.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
背景情况:
- 关于小牛期疾病的遗传基础的研究有限,这阻碍了通过选择改善动物健康和福利的努力.
- 牛犊病,特别是呼吸系统问题 (RESP) 和腹 (DIAR),对乳制品生产和动物福利产生重大影响.
研究的目的:
- 在加拿大霍尔斯坦种群中调查小牛期呼吸问题和腹的遗传参数.
- 估计这些疾病的发病率和遗传相关性.
- 为改善疾病记录实践提供建议,以促进遗传评估.
主要方法:
- 对RESP和DIAR的69,695个疾病记录的分析,来自62,361只小牛,跨越1,617个加拿大奶牛群 (2006-2021年).
- 使用值和线性动物模型的单个和多个特征分析.
- 根据不同的最低发病率值 (1%和5%) 评估疾病数据,以评估选择潜力.
主要成果:
- 对RESP和DIAR的观察规模遗传概率估计在0.02到0.07之间.
- 估计DIAR和RESP之间的遗传相关性在0.50和0.62.2之间.
- 来自最底层10%的父亲的小牛患RESP的可能性是1.8倍,患DIAR的可能性是1.9倍,而来自最顶层10%的父亲的小牛患DIAR的可能性是1.8倍.
结论:
- 遗传选择有望减少小牛腹和呼吸系统问题的发生率.
- 标准化数据收集和与国家记录系统的整合对于有效的遗传评估至关重要.
- 需要对行业进行宣传,以强调在群体管理软件中准确和可访问的疾病记录的重要性.
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