全球人口在2000年至2019年间受到景观火灾空气污染的影响
Rongbin Xu1, Tingting Ye1, Xu Yue2
1Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nature
|September 21, 2023
概括
全球人口面临越来越多的风景火源 (LFS) 空气污染,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和臭氧. 这项研究量化了LFS污染,揭示了全球的重大健康风险和社会经济差异.
科学领域:
- 环境科学
- 大气化学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 由于气候变化,野火的发生频率和严重程度都在增加,
- 风景大火造成的空气污染对人类健康构成风险,
- 风景火灾造成的空气污染,包括细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和臭氧,越来越令人担忧.
研究的目的:
- 在2000年至2019年间估计全球每日LFS室外PM2.5和表面臭氧度.
- 描述全球人口对LFS空气污染的暴露情况,并确定高风险地区.
- 分析生活污染暴露的社会经济差异.
主要方法:
- 使用机器学习和化学运输模型,以在0.25°×0.25°分辨率下估计LFSPM2.5和臭氧度.
- 分析了2000年至2019年期间的数据,比较了两个十年 (2000年至2009年和2010年至2019年) 的数据.
- 计算了人口加权平均值,并评估了每年暴露于大量LFS空气污染的人数.
主要成果:
- 在2010年至2019年,平均LFSPM2.5为2.5μg/m3 (占总量的6.1%),LFS臭氧为3.2μg/m3 (占总量的3.6%).
- 与前十年相比,PM2.5暴露略有增加,而臭氧暴露保持稳定.
- 中非,东南亚,南美和西伯利亚的LFS污染率最高;低收入国家面临的度是高收入国家的四倍.
- 超过21亿人每年暴露在严重的LFS空气污染中,全球平均暴露日增加了PM2.5%和2.1%的臭氧.
结论:
- 全球人口受到LFS空气污染的影响越来越大.
- 在生活环境污染中存在显著的社会经济差异,不成比例地影响低收入人群.
- 调查结果强调迫切需要采取减缓策略来应对景观火灾排放对健康的影响.
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