杂食动物的饮食成分改变了寄生虫的抵抗力和宿主状况
Carmen K Blubaugh1, Cami R Jones2, Chloe Josefson3
1Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|September 21, 2023
概括
富含植物和昆虫的均衡饮食增强了食肉动物抵抗虫侵袭和保持身体状况的能力. 多样化的饮食提高了对寄生虫的抵抗力和对环境压力因素的适应力.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物生理学 动物生理学
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
背景情况:
- 饮食成分显著影响宿主-寄生虫相互作用.
- 杂食动物抵抗寄生虫的能力与饮食范围有关,但特定植物/猎物比率的影响不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究混合饮食中植物和猎物的不同比例如何影响鹿鼠在感染时的抵抗力和身体状况.
- 为了确定一个更平衡的植物/猎物饮食是否会增强免疫反应和对寄生虫感染的抵抗力.
主要方法:
- 鹿类小鼠 (Peromyscus maniculatus) 接受了为期四周的控制饮食,种子和昆虫的比例不同.
- 随后,小鼠被挑战了两次连续的落基山木 (Dermacentor andersoni) 感染.
- 测量了的食成功和小鼠体重的变化,以评估抵抗力和弹性.
主要成果:
- 观察到获得的抗性,在第一次感染后,的食成功率显著降低 (25%和66%在两个实验中).
- 与种子主导的饮食相比,与平衡的植物/猎物比率相比,在食小鼠中发生了最强的抵抗.
- 富含昆虫的饮食中的小鼠在感染期间体重减少了15%,而富含种子的饮食中的小鼠没有体重减轻,这表明对寄生虫压力的饮食补偿.
结论:
- 多样化的饮食,平衡的植物和猎物的混合,对于食肉动物来说至关重要,以有效地抵抗虫的入侵.
- 营养多样性可能使食肉动物能够更好地应对能源苛刻的免疫反应和环境压力因素.
- 饮食策略在宿主对寄生虫的抵抗力和整体健康方面发挥着关键作用.
相关概念视频
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
01:27Diversity of Protists II
33
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
33
02:40Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
13.0K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
13.0K
02:26Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores
23.8K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
23.8K
00:58Symbiosis
28.6K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
28.6K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
11.9K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.9K