在有犯罪司法参与史的成年人中,与视力障碍相关的因素
Joana E Andoh1,2, Tahreem A Mir1, Christopher C Teng1
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
概括
视力障碍影响有刑事司法参与 (CJI) 的成年人,通常是在年轻时. 这包括种族,收入和慢性疾病等因素,突出了综合护理的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
背景情况:
- 视力障碍是一个重要的公共卫生问题.
- 具有刑事司法参与史 (CJI) 的成年人经常面临独特的健康挑战.
- 了解这一群体中视力障碍的患病率对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查视力障碍在有犯罪司法参与 (CJI) 史的成年人中的患病率.
- 确定与有或没有CJI的成年人视力障碍相关的社会人口和健康因素.
- 探索最近的刑事司法参与与视力障碍之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 这是一项回顾性,横截面研究,利用了2015-2018年国家药物使用和健康调查数据.
- 对成年受访者社会人口统计和健康特征的分析.
- 统计分析以确定与视力障碍相关的因素,包括最近CJI的后勤回归.
主要成果:
- 在有CJI病史 (5.7%) 和没有CJI病史 (4.2%) 的成年人中发现了类似的整体视力障碍率.
- 患有CJI的成年人更有可能在年轻时经历视力障碍.
- 在患有CJI的成年人中,视力障碍与女性性别,年龄较大,黑人/非洲裔美国人种族,教育程度/收入较低以及慢性疾病 (糖尿病,心脏病,呼吸系统疾病,精神健康,听力障碍) 相关.
- 最近的刑事司法参与 (一个或多个逮捕) 独特地与视力障碍的可能性增加有关.
结论:
- 视力障碍在患有CJI的成年人中普遍存在,并与特定的人口和健康因素有关.
- 对于参与司法系统的人来说,早期查和治疗视力障碍是必不可少的.
- 将视力护理整合到司法涉及的人口的服务中,可以改善健康公平.
相关概念视频
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.1K
Factors Affecting Perception
1.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.6K
Visual Agnosia
225
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
225
Eyewitness Memory
127
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
127
Glaucoma: Overview
614
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
614
Learning Disabilities
163
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
163


