尼古丁流作为一个强大的工具来调节电子烟的尼古丁输送:两个互补的随机交叉临床试验的协议
Ahmad El-Hellani1,2, Elyana Hanna3,4, Mehak Sharma5
1Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
PloS one
|September 21, 2023
概括
本研究调查了电子烟 (EC) 中的尼古丁流量,以了解其对尼古丁输送和成的影响. 结果将为更安全的EC使用和减少危害的策略制定法规.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 电子烟 (EC) 的使用,特别是在年轻人中,急剧增加,需要有效的监管策略.
- 尼古丁输送在EC设备和液体之间有很大的差异,这使监管和减少危害的努力变得复杂.
- 尼古丁流量,一个排放率参数,为欧盟监管提供基于绩效的指标.
研究的目的:
- 调查尼古丁流和尼古丁输送,滥用责任和EC用户的主观影响之间的关系.
- 为了确定尼古丁形式 (自由基与质子基) 是否调解尼古丁流和尼古丁输送之间的关系.
- 建立尼古丁流量作为EC尼古丁输送和依赖的预测措施.
主要方法:
- 两项临床试验将评估尼古丁流量,尼古丁形式及其对尼古丁输送和主观影响的影响.
- 试验I涉及受控的EC吸入与高分辨率动脉血液采样,以测量尼古丁输送率.
- 试验II评估了主观影响,渴望,戒断,吸烟强度和与不同尼古丁流和形式相关的有毒物质暴露.
主要成果:
- 该研究将经验证明尼古丁流量对尼古丁输送和主观影响的预测有效性.
- 尼古丁吸收的量化及其与尼古丁流量和形式的相关性.
- 评估尼古丁形式对尼古丁输送和用户报告的依赖的影响.
结论:
- 尼古丁流量是理解和调节ECs尼古丁输送的关键参数.
- 调查结果将为监管政策提供信息,旨在制年轻人吸收并支持减少危害.
- 这项研究为使用尼古丁流量作为ECs的监管指标提供了科学基础.
更多相关视频
10:44Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
Published on: May 24, 2017
11.5K
08:39Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
Published on: August 25, 2018
25.6K
相关概念视频
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
1.4K
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
1.4K
Stimulants
237
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
237
Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic
2.9K
Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by acetylcholine and nicotine. Upon activation, they cause a rapid increase in the permeability of cells to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, followed by depolarization and excitation. They are in the autonomic ganglia, skeletal neuromuscular junction, CNS, and adrenal medulla.
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...
2.9K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
489
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
489
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
371
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
371
Clinical Trials
6.8K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
6.8K
