纽约市的空气污染和机动车辆碰撞
Nadezhda V Baryshnikova1, Dennis Wesselbaum2
1School of Economics, University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|September 21, 2023
概括
一氧化碳和二氧化硫造成的空气污染增加了道路交通事故的数量,特别是那些涉及男性积极驾驶的交通事故. 这些非健康影响带来了重大的社会成本.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 运输安全运输安全
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 道路交通事故是造成死亡和伤害的主要原因,并带来了巨大的经济成本.
- 了解促成因素对于制定有效的预防策略至关重要.
- 空气污染越来越多地被认为具有超出直接健康影响的广泛社会影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查空气污染物和纽约市道路交通碰撞之间的关系.
- 为了确定特定的空气污染物是否会影响碰撞频率和严重程度.
- 探索积极驾驶作为空气污染和事故之间调解者的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了纽约市超过120万起道路交通碰撞 (2013-2021) 的综合数据集.
- 将碰撞数据与附近站点的每小时天气和空气污染数据进行了匹配.
- 采用仪表变量方法,使用温度反转来解决空气污染水平的内质性.
主要成果:
- 高水平的一氧化碳 (CO) 和二氧化硫 (SO2) 与碰撞数量的增加有关.
- 碰撞的严重程度 (受伤或死亡) 并没有受到这些污染物的显著影响.
- 二氧化碳和二氧化与与攻击性驾驶有关的事故增加有关,特别是在男性驾驶员中.
结论:
- 空气污染带来了重大的"非健康"相关的社会成本,包括交通事故的增加.
- 积极的驾驶行为可能是空气污染影响道路安全的关键途径.
- 调查结果强调,在交通安全和城市规划政策中需要考虑空气质量.
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