细胞介导免疫的起源的基因组观
Morgan E Janes1, Allison Kinlein1, Martin F Flajnik1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Immunogenetics
|September 21, 2023
概括
自然杀手细胞受体NKp30 (NCR3) 基因在脊椎动物中具有独特的保护性. 它的祖先起源很可能在于原始免疫区域,早于适应性免疫,影响了早期的细胞介导免疫.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- NKp30 (NCR3) 是一个激活的自然杀手细胞受体 (NKR),具有保存的VJ-免疫球蛋白超级家族 (IgSF) 域.
- 与大多数NKR不同,NCR3在脊椎动物中发现,这表明其起源于古代的进化过程.
- 以前的假设提出,祖先的NCR3基因居住在原型主要基因相容性复合体 (MHC) 中.
研究的目的:
- 研究NCR3基因及其类型的进化史和基因组位置.
- 识别相关基因并追踪免疫基因复合体的起源.
- 了解细胞介导免疫的早期演变.
主要方法:
- 在 silico 数据库中搜索 NCR3 同类基因和相关基因.
- 鉴定基因的基因位置分析.
- 脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的基因组比较.
主要成果:
- 在脊椎动物中发现了一种保存的同类物NCR3H,但在哺乳动物中没有.
- 电压导入通道β (SCNB) 基因被确定与NCR3.3有着遥远的相关性.
- NCR3,NCR3H和SCNB基因映射到MHC类似区域,可以追溯到无脊椎动物,并表明脊椎动物基因组复制之前的起源.
- 这些区域含有参与细胞粘附和NK细胞识别的基因.
结论:
- NCR3基因和相关的VJ-IgSF域含有基因在无脊椎动物基因复合体中具有古老的起源.
- 参与细胞介导免疫的祖先区域可能存在于适应性免疫之前.
- NCR3融入这个原始复合体可能预示着脊椎动物NK和T细胞的出现.
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