文化差异是否出现在不同级别的代表层次上?
Krystal R Leger1, Rosemary A Cowell2, Angela Gutchess3
1Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA. kleger@brandeis.edu.
Memory & cognition
|September 22, 2023
概括
美国人和东亚人之间的跨文化记忆差异在抽象和具体的刺激中持续存在. 这些发现表明可以概括的记忆变异,不仅仅与刺激特征或任务需求有关.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究表明,对象的记忆特异性存在文化差异.
- 以前的研究使用了具体的刺激,可能会将语义和感知因素与文化混为一谈.
- 有关这些记忆差异在各种刺激类型和任务中的概括性存在担忧.
研究的目的:
- 调查跨文化记忆差异是否在抽象和具体的刺激中泛化.
- 要确定记忆特异性的差异是否独立于刺激特性和任务需求.
- 澄清文化记忆变异中低层特征与高层连接的作用.
主要方法:
- 测试了美国和东亚年轻人的识别记忆任务.
- 利用需要注意特征连接的抽象刺激进行歧视.
- 包括一个具体的对象记忆任务来复制之前的研究.
主要成果:
- 对于抽象的物品,美国人表现出比东亚人更高的识别记忆性能.
- 这种模式反映了具体物体任务的结果,复制了先前的发现.
- 无论刺激类型 (抽象与具体) 如何,都观察到跨文化差异.
结论:
- 跨文化记忆的特异性差异似乎可以在不同类型的刺激中进行概括.
- 观察到的记忆变化不仅仅是由于对低级感知特征的敏感性差异.
- 研究结果表明,文化对记忆过程的影响范围更广,超出了特定刺激的处理范围.
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