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盐度与温度相互作用对种子发芽和幼苗早期发展的影响:作物和杂草物种的比较研究

Nebojša Nikolić¹, Aurora Ghirardelli², Michela Schiavon³

¹Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment - DAFNAE, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy. nebojsa.nikolic@unipd.it.

BMC plant biology

|September 22, 2023

概括

杂草和作物对盐度和温度压力表现出不同的反应. 虽然更高的温度可以减轻盐度对发芽和生长的一些负面影响,但对于理解植物弹性来说,特定物种的相互作用至关重要.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
植物生理学植物生理学
环境压力生物学

背景情况:

杂草由于其适应能力,对农业生产率构成重大威胁.
气候变化加剧了非生物压力,使得植物应激反应研究至关重要.
研究植物对盐度和温度压力的反应对于作物和杂草管理至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估三种杂草物种 (Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea) 和三种作物 (玉米,大豆,大米) 在不同盐度和温度条件下的发芽和早期发育反应.
了解盐度和温度对植物应力耐受性的相互作用影响.
确定特定物种的脆弱性和弹性机制.

主要方法:

进行了受控实验,以评估发芽百分比和平均发芽时间.
种子被置于各种盐度和温度的范围内.
在特定的高盐度和高温处理下测量了茎的生长.

主要成果:

随着盐度增加和低温,大豆发芽率显著下降. 玉米和大米保持了高发芽率,特别是在低盐度下.
陈诺波迪乌姆 (chenopodium album) 的发芽在很大程度上不受盐度的影响,不同于埃奇诺科拉 (echinochloa crus-galli) 和葡萄 (portulaca oleracea),它们的发芽随着盐度的增加而减少.
平均发芽时间随着盐度的增加而增加,特别是在较低的温度下,大豆和E. crus-galli受影响最大. 在高盐度和高温度下,C. album的茎生长减少,而E. crus-galli的减少较小.

结论:

在盐水压力下成功发芽并不能保证幼苗的早期发育.
温度和盐度之间的相互作用是特定于物种的,可能受到物种内部变异性的影响.
高温可以部分减轻盐度增加对不同植物物种发芽和苗木生长的负面影响.

关键词:

气候变化气候变化气候变化农作物农作物农作物早期发展早期发展发芽发芽发芽发芽盐分盐分盐分盐分盐分杂草杂草杂草杂草

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