在早期情感和精神病的认知障碍的跨诊断子组
Julian Wenzel1, Luzie Badde2, Shalaila S Haas3
1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. julian.wenzel@uk-koeln.de.
概括
在早期精神病和抑郁症中存在认知子组,具有不同的神经模式. 对于理解认知障碍,个别患者的个人资料比广泛的诊断类别提供了更多的洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 在精神病和抑郁症中观察到认知障碍,患者亚组之间存在潜在的神经差异.
- 在早期精神病和情感障碍中,认知子组的跨诊断性质尚不清楚.
- 在神经层面验证认知子组对于理解潜在的大脑机制至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查认知子组是否是早期精神病和抑郁症中的跨诊断现象.
- 通过神经成像 (sMRI和rsFC) 和临床数据验证认知子组.
- 为了比较跨诊断与单一疾病认知子组的信息性.
主要方法:
- 根据认知表现,对患有近期发病精神病 (ROP),近期发病抑郁症 (ROD) 和临床高风险精神病 (CHR) 的患者,以及健康对照者 (HC) 进行分组.
- 使用结构性MRI (sMRI) 进行灰色物质体积和静止状态功能连接 (rsFC) 的确定子组的表征.
- 支持矢量机 (SVM) 分类用于区分子组并验证复制样本中的发现.
主要成果:
- 一个受损子组在ROP,ROD和CHR的执行功能,工作记忆,处理速度和口头学习方面表现出显著的认知缺陷.
- 幸免的小组表现与HC相比,而单一疾病的小组在ROP中显示出比ROD和CHR更明显的损伤.
- 休息状态功能连接 (rsFC) 在区分跨诊断子组和HC时,表现出比sMRI更高的准确性.
结论:
- 认知子组可以在早期精神病和情感障碍中识别,并且可以在神经水平上验证.
- 在ROP,ROD和CHR中的个体认知子组比跨诊断子组更具信息性.
- 与认知子组相关的特定功能和症状模式在sMRI和rsFC中显示出有限的重叠,突出了对个性化方法的需求.
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