相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 16, 2025

04:43
Detection of Lung Tumor Progression in Mice by Ultrasound Imaging
Published on: February 27, 2020
6.8K
概述估计真实世界肺癌疾病进展的方法
Rossybelle Amorrortu1, Melany Garcia1, Yayi Zhao1
1Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
JNCI cancer spectrum
|September 22, 2023
概括
估计肺癌的现实疾病进展需要超越标准标准的新方法. 本综述探讨了五种方法,强调了对标准化准确度指标和可靠真实数据分析的黄金标准的需求.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 现实世界的数据研究研究
背景情况:
- 固体瘤的标准临床试验依赖于固体瘤响应评估标准 (RECIST) 来确定疾病进展.
- 对于可扩展的,真实世界的数据 (RWD) 方法来评估癌症进展至关重要,这对于推进结果研究至关重要.
- 肺癌作为一个案例研究,探索基于RWD的进展估计方法.
研究的目的:
- 审查和总结现有的关于估计现实疾病进展方法的文献.
- 分析各种RWD方法的优点和局限性,以跟踪癌症进展.
- 提供关于这些方法在肺癌研究中的应用的见解.
主要方法:
- 使用PubMed进行了叙事文献综述.
- 搜索了详细介绍肺癌患者实际疾病进展估计方法的文章.
- 抽象的数据包括数据来源,进展估计方法和与黄金标准的比较.
主要成果:
- 确定了2008年至2022年间发表的40篇文章.
- 确定了五种不同的方法:手动医疗记录抽象,临床笔记/放射学报告的自然语言处理 (NLP),基于治疗的算法,瘤体积变化和三角放射学.
- 准确性各不相同,手动抽象显示与整体存活率有很强的相关性 (斯皮尔曼等级 ρ = 0.61 0.84),NLP实现了曲线值 (0.86 0.96) 下的高面积.
结论:
- 使用各种观察性研究方法测量了肺癌的现实疾病进展.
- 将这些不同的方法的准确性进行比较是具有挑战性的,因为没有普遍接受的黄金标准和不同的评估技术.
- 建立一个黄金标准和定义RWD的质量指标对于推进该领域至关重要.
相关概念视频
Cancer Survival Analysis
380
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
380
Tumor Progression
6.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.4K
Kaplan-Meier Approach
178
The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a non-parametric method used to estimate the survival function from time-to-event data. In medical research, it is frequently employed to measure the proportion of patients surviving for a certain period after treatment. This estimator is fundamental in analyzing time-to-event data, making it indispensable in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and reliability engineering. By estimating survival probabilities, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness,...
178
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
400
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
400
Actuarial Approach
96
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
96

