在养老院接种流感疫苗的种族差异的地理空间分布
Joe B B Silva1, Chanelle J Howe2, John W Jackson3
1Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|September 22, 2023
概括
在黑人和白人养老院居民之间存在流感疫苗接种的种族差异,根据地点有很大差异. 有针对性的本地干预措施对于改善疫苗接种和实现健康公平至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 接种流感疫苗对老年人至关重要,特别是那些在养老院的人.
- 在获得医疗保健和医疗保健成果方面的种族差异得到了充分证实.
- 了解这些差异的地理差异对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估白人和黑人养老院居民之间的流感疫苗接种率的种族差异.
- 检查这些差异在各州和医院转诊区域 (HRR) 的分布.
- 为了比较短期住宿与长期住宿养老院人口的差异.
主要方法:
- 美国65岁以上的养老院住户参加传统医疗保险 (2011-2018) 的回顾性队列研究.
- 对居住季节的分析,以解释多季度的居住.
- 非参数的g公式用于估计州内黑人和白人居民之间的年龄和性别标准化疫苗接种差异 (百分点差异) 和HRRs.
主要成果:
- 包括超过780万短暂停留和730万长期停留的季节性居民.
- 在各州和HRR中,疫苗接种差异的中位数在5.0至10.1个百分点 (pps) 之间.
- 差距因地理区域而异,有些差距超过25个百分点.
结论:
- 在养老院居民中,在流感疫苗接种方面存在显著的种族差异.
- 这些差异的程度在不同地理区域 (州和HRR) 之间有很大差异.
- 地方干预和政策应适应高差距地区,以提高疫苗接种率和促进健康公平.
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