解开风能对欧洲蝙蝠的影响的机制
Camille Leroux1, Isabelle Le Viol2, Nicolas Valet3
1Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université Station Marine, 1 place de la Croix, 29900, Concarneau, France; Auddicé Biodiversité - ZAC du Chevalement, 5 rue des Molettes, 59286, Roost-Warendin, France.
Journal of environmental management
|September 23, 2023
概括
风力轮机 (WT) 的特点显著影响蝙蝠活动和分布. 优化WT的放置和设计对于保护蝙蝠种群和缓解气候变化至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 可再生能源影响评估.
背景情况:
- 可再生能源的扩张,特别是风能,对于减缓气候变化至关重要.
- 风力轮机 (WT) 通过碰撞或息地改变对飞行动物 (包括蝙蝠) 构成风险.
- 了解蝙蝠对WT参数的反应对于可持续风电场发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究各种风力轮机 (WT) 参数对蝙蝠活动和垂直分布的影响.
- 解开WT尺寸,配置和操作对不同蝙蝠物种的影响.
- 提供基于数据的建议,以尽量减少蝙蝠-风力轮机相互作用.
主要方法:
- 在361个地点进行了广泛的声学采样,夜间,距离WT高达1483米.
- 分析蝙蝠活动和垂直分布与WT大小 (地面空距,转子直径),配置 (密度,距离) 和操作 (叶片旋转速度,唤醒效应) 相比.
- 对8种蝙蝠物种/群体的影响评估和垂直社区分布指数.
主要成果:
- 所有分析的WT参数 (大小,配置,操作) 都显著影响了蝙蝠活动和垂直分布.
- 较高的WT密度和较低的地面空隙降低了高空飞行的蝙蝠物种的活动.
- 蝙蝠对WT距离的反应有所不同,吸引力或避开力受附近和风状况的影响.
- 特定的WT参数,如叶片旋转,转子直径和地面空距,影响了不同数量的蝙蝠物种.
结论:
- 蝙蝠的配置,操作和尺寸共同影响蝙蝠的活动和分布.
- 建议包括避免高WT密度,大转子,并将WT远离关键蝙蝠息地,如木质边缘.
- 尽量减少蝙蝠-WT相互作用需要仔细考虑所有WT设计和放置因素,以确保生态可持续性.
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