感染麻疹病毒的个体具有与接种小麻疹疫苗的个体相似的幽默性免疫反应
Ashley D Otter1, Scott Jones2, Bethany Hicks2
1Emerging Pathogen Serology group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK. ashley.otter@ukhsa.gov.uk.
Nature communications
|September 23, 2023
概括
小天花疫苗接种和mopox感染诱导类似的抗体对天花病毒的反应. 研究人员确定了特定的病毒蛋白作为mopox感染和疫苗反应的标记物,有助于未来的疫苗和治疗开发.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 2022年mopox (麻疹病毒 - MPXV) 疫情在全球范围内影响了8万多人,主要是同性恋,双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性 (GBMSM).
- 在高风险人群中部署了天花疫苗 (IMVANEX),以控制MPXV的传播.
- 了解对MPXV和天花疫苗接种的抗体反应对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述对MPXV感染和天花疫苗接种的幽默免疫反应.
- 识别受感染或接种疫苗的个体中的抗体识别的特定病毒抗原.
- 探索新型疫苗和治疗开发的潜在目标.
主要方法:
- 使用24个MPXV和3个疫苗病毒 (VACV) 重组抗原开发一个全面的ELISA阵列.
- 测试来自不同疫苗接种史和先前MPXV感染的个体的血清样本.
- 对抗体结合模式的分析,以确定血清学标记物和疫苗特异性抗原.
主要成果:
- 一剂天花疫苗引发了对少数MPXV抗原的有限抗体反应,随着额外剂量的增加,反应增加.
- 感染MPXV诱导的抗体反应类似于天花疫苗接种个体的抗体反应,识别了各种各样的天花病毒抗原.
- MPXV A27被确定为MPXV感染的血清学标志物,而MPXV M1 (VACV L1) 似乎是IMVANEX疫苗接种的特征.
结论:
- 幽默抗原的识别在MPXV感染者和天花疫苗接种者之间是相似的.
- 一组核心的poxvirus抗原被识别,表明保存的表位.
- 这些发现为设计未来MPXV疫苗 (例如mRNA) 和治疗药物 (例如单克隆抗体) 提供了基础.
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