来自玉米作物种植系统土壤的温室气体排放
Maciej J Kazula1, Joseph G Lauer1
1Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Journal of environmental quality
|September 23, 2023
概括
与连续种植的玉米相比,如玉米-大豆或玉米-大豆-小麦的作物轮换显著减少温室气体 (GHG) 排放,特别是氧化物 (N2O),特别是使用高肥的持续种植玉米.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 由于经济因素,经常忽视作物轮换的温室气体 (GHG) 减排潜力.
- 了解不同作物旋转期间的温室气体排放变化对于可持续农业至关重要.
- 长期研究对于评估农业实践对温室气体排放的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了在连续的玉米 (CC),玉米-大豆 (CS) 和玉米-大豆-小麦 (CSW) 轮换中比较二氧化 (N2O),二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲 (CH4) 的排放.
- 评估天气和 (N) 应用对不同作物系统温室气体排放的影响.
- 与CC相比,评估CS和CSW旋转的温室气体减排潜力.
主要方法:
- 使用静态室方法测量N2O,CO2和CH4的排放量,长达三年.
- 在威斯康星州选择了三项代表不同环境条件的长期轮换研究.
- 分析了与天气模式和肥率相关的排放数据.
主要成果:
- 与CS和CSW旋转相比,连续玉米 (CC) 在高N输入环境中表现出明显更高的N2O排放 (5.80和4.40公斤N ha-1),而CS和CSW旋转 (1.523.33公斤N ha-1).
- 在低N输入环境中,CC,CS和CSW之间的N2O排放没有显著差异.
- 在CC中二氧化碳排放量最高 (4.16 Mg C ha-1),而CH4排放量在所有旋转中都是小而不一致的.
结论:
- 与连续玉米 (CC) 相比,玉米-大豆 (CS) 和玉米-大豆-小麦 (CSW) 轮换在减少N2O排放方面是有效的,特别是在高应用率下.
- 天气条件和管理显著影响农业系统的温室气体排放.
- 实施两年或三年作物轮换为减轻农业温室气体排放提供了一个可行的策略.
相关概念视频
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
8.1K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
8.1K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.7K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.7K
The Soil Ecosystem
20.3K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
20.3K
Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
28.4K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
28.4K
The Carbon Cycle
38.3K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
38.3K
The Nitrogen Cycle
52.6K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
52.6K


