为提高运动员的最大有氧能力,最佳的低氧训练类型和剂量:系统性审查和基于贝叶斯模型的网络元分析
Xinmiao Feng1, Linlin Zhao1, Yonghui Chen2
1Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in physiology
|September 25, 2023
概括
在低海拔地区的直播高空低空训练 (LHTL) 是最有效的低氧训练方法,可以提高运动员的最大氧气消耗 (VO2max). 这一发现强调了特定的低氧策略对于优化有氧能力的重要性.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 高空训练 高空训练
背景情况:
- 缺氧训练越来越多地用于提高运动表现.
- 了解不同低氧方法的比较有效性对于优化训练方案至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较和排名各种低氧训练实践对运动员最大氧气消耗 (VO2max) 的有效性.
- 为了确定低氧干预和VO2max之间的剂量反应关系.
- 确定改善有氧能力的最佳缺氧策略.
主要方法:
- 在科学网络,PubMed,EMBASE和EBSCO数据库中系统搜索随机对照试验.
- 包括对活高火车高 (LHTH),活高火车低 (LHTL),间歇性缺氧训练 (IHT) 和间歇性缺氧暴露 (IHE) 的研究.
- 网络元分析以比较干预措施并使用"公里/小时"模型评估剂量反应.
主要成果:
- 与normoxic训练相比,LHTL,LHTH和IHT显著改善了VO2max.
- 与低高度训练 (自然和模拟) 结合的LHTL是增强VO2max的最有效干预措施.
- 观察到LHTH和HHL的剂量反应关系,其中有一个反转的U形曲线.
结论:
- 各种低氧训练方法为提高运动员的有氧能力提供了显著的好处.
- 在低海拔地区的LHTL是最大化VO2max的优越缺氧策略.
- 剂量反应特征表明,在较高剂量时,慢性缺氧可能会产生负面影响.
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