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相关概念视频

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Author Spotlight: Developing Synthetic Cells from Programmable Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures
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复杂的DNA外调整了多酸盐凝聚剂大小的调整.

Ravi Chawla1, Jenna K A Tom1, Tumara Boyd1

  • 1Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
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PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

DNA 影响聚酸凝聚物,形成外,改变它们的尺寸和结构. 这种相互作用对于理解这些凝结物如何在压力下与细菌染色素相互作用至关重要.

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 聚酸盐 (polyP) 是一种无机生物聚合物,存在于所有生命领域,并影响细胞功能.
  • 聚聚经常与染色质结合,在细菌核素中形成丰富的凝聚物,特别是在压力期间.
  • 多聚,DNA和离子之间的物理相互作用尚未得到充分理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究由离子介导的多酸盐-DNA相互作用的物理基础.
  • 了解这些相互作用如何影响聚聚缩物和细菌染色体的组织.
  • 使用最小的多P-Mg2+-DNA系统来建模相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 在DNA的存在下研究了多酸盐和离子的联合化行为.
  • 分析了DNA度,长度和特性对凝结物形成和结构的影响.
  • 使用最小的系统捕获聚P-DNA-Mg2+相互作用的关键特征.

主要成果:

  • 即使在低度下,DNA也会显著影响聚P-Mg2+的同化.
  • 在聚P-Mg2+凝聚物周围,DNA形成外,在电荷中和附近表现出重新进入的行为.
  • 凝结体大小和DNA形态是由DNA特性和度调节的.

结论:

  • 聚P-Mg2+-DNA系统形成了一个可调节的相互作用枢纽,对细胞过程有影响.
  • 这些发现揭示了聚聚颗粒的组成,巩固和压力下的染色体重塑.
  • 这项研究为了解聚聚凝固在细胞组织和反应中的作用提供了基础.