细胞外葡萄糖传感器用于基质依赖的分泌和显示纤维素降解酶的细胞外葡萄糖传感器
Pamela B Besada-Lombana1, Wilfred Chen2, Nancy A Da Silva1
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Biotechnology and bioengineering
|September 26, 2023
概括
研究人员设计了一种新的生物传感器,用于集成生物处理 (CBP). 这种系统可以根据葡萄糖的可用性进行选择性酶分泌,从而增强从树脂纤维素生物质中生产生物燃料.
科学领域:
- 生物技术是生物技术.
- 合成生物学 合成生物学
- 生物化学工程 生物化学工程
背景情况:
- 从第二代原料生产生物燃料和生物可再生化学品的生产中,高效的基纤维素水解是至关重要的.
- 合并生物处理 (CBP) 整合了纤维素糖化和化学生产,但需要精确控制酶活性.
- 基于可用的碳来源的选择性酶分泌有利于CBP的资源效率.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种基于G蛋白结合受体 (GPCR) 的传感器,用于细胞外葡萄糖检测.
- 为了实现葡萄糖水平依赖的酶表达和分泌,以增强纤维素蛋白利用率.
- 为CBP应用优化Saccharomyces cerevisiae上的酶显示和活性.
主要方法:
- 基于GPCR的细胞外葡萄糖传感器的实施.
- 通过将其核心替换为PTHD3的HXT1促进子 (PHXT1) 的工程,以增加葡萄糖反应.
- 在Saccharomyces cerevisiae上显示β-葡萄糖酶 (BglI) 的细胞表面,通过PAH1淘汰优化以重定向脂肪酸池.
主要成果:
- 工程PHXT1增加了81%的细胞外酶活性.
- 与基线菌株相比,PAH1淘汰改善了细胞表面酶显示的4.2倍.
- 添加蜂素导致信号放大高达3.1倍,表明蜂素依赖增强.
结论:
- 一个新的生物传感器系统允许调节酶分泌和显示,以响应细胞外葡萄糖水平.
- 工程促进剂和优化的显示系统显著提高酵素活性和酵母的效率.
- 这项技术有望提高生物燃料和化学品综合生物加工的经济可行性.
相关概念视频
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine
31.8K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
31.8K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles
5.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.0K
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition
2.4K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
2.4K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides
3.6K
Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
3.6K


