商业上可用的胸部X-ray AI工具用于检测空气疾病,肺胸部和多叶膜溢出
Louis Lind Plesner1, Felix C Müller1, Mathias W Brejnebøl1
1From the Department of Radiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib, Juuls vej 1 Herlev, Copenhagen 2730, Denmark (L.L.P., F.C.M., M.W.B., L.C.L., M.B.A.); Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.L.P., M.W.B., O.W.N., M.B., M.B.A.); Radiological Artificial Intelligence Testcenter, RAIT.dk, Capital Region of Denmark (L.L.P., F.C.M., M.W.B., M.B., M.B.A.); Departments of Radiology (M.W.B., M.B.) and Cardiology (O.W.N.), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (F.R.).
商业人工智能 (AI) 工具在胸部X射线上显示中度至高灵敏度,用于检测肺部疾病,肺胸部和胸膜溢出. 然而,人工智能性能随着多个或微妙的发现而下降,并且产生比人类放射学家更多的假阳性.
科学领域:
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 商业上可用的人工智能 (AI) 工具为放射科医生提供了解释胸部X射线图的潜在帮助.
- 这些人工智能工具在临床环境中的真实世界诊断准确性在很大程度上仍未得到验证.
研究的目的:
- 评估四种商业人工智能工具的诊断准确度,以检测胸部X射线照片上的空气疾病,肺胸部和胸腔溢出.
- 评估发现严重性和多重性的对AI性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 追溯分析了来自丹麦四家医院的2040个成年人胸部X射线图.
- 独立的放射科医生标记参考标准,并计算AUC,灵敏度和特异性.
- 通过发现严重程度,发现数量和放射性投影来对性能进行分层.
主要成果:
- 在所有目标条件中,人工智能工具表现良好 (AUC 0.83-0.97).
- 灵敏度各不相同 (空气疾病:72%-91%;肺胸病:63%-90%;多叶流液:62%-95%).
- 多个发现 (≥4) 的特异性显著下降,微妙发现的敏感性较低.
结论:
- 当前的人工智能工具对常见的胸部X射线扫描结果具有中度至高灵敏度.
- 人工智能工具比人类报告产生了更多的假阳性,并且在复杂的情况下显示精度降低.
- 临床实施需要仔细考虑AI的局限性,特别是在多种或微妙异常的情况下.
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