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相关概念视频

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

559
A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

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When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
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星际光伏发电是星际的光伏发电.

Nora Schopp1, Ernazar Abdikamalov2,3, Andrii I Mostovyi2,4

  • 1Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.

Scientific reports
|September 26, 2023
PubMed
概括

这项研究探讨了不同类型的恒星的光伏 (PV) 电池效率,发现最佳带隙差异很大. 轻质有机光伏显示出对太空的承诺,特定材料在各种恒星光谱下表现不同.

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In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
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Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
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科学领域:

  • 太阳能光伏发电是如何实现的
  • 天体物理学 天体物理学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 太阳能电池通常利用阳光,但光采集可以扩展到其他恒星源.
  • 有机光伏 (OPV) 为基于太空的发电提供轻量级解决方案.
  • 了解恒星光谱对于优化地球以外的光伏性能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 计算各种恒星类型的单结光伏设备的理论效率极限.
  • 在不同的恒星光谱下评估狭窄和宽带间隙有机光伏系统的性能,包括Proxima Centauri.
  • 评估OPV在星际任务中的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 理论效率极限 (Shockley-Queisser光转换效率 - SQ PCE) 为不同类型的恒星在正常化AM0频谱强度下的单环光伏计算.
  • 半经验模型的JV曲线被用来预测两个OPV系统 (PM2:COTIC-4F和PM6:o-IDTBR) 在G2V (太阳) 和M5.5Ve (半角星) 光谱下的性能.
  • 对不同的恒星光谱类型进行了带隙优化.

主要成果:

  • 单环光伏的最佳带隙范围为>12 eV的O5V恒星 (47%SQ PCE) 到0.7 eV的M型恒星 (23%SQ PCE).
  • 狭窄带间的OPV (PM2:COTIC-4F,1.14 eV) 在G2V频谱下显示理论PCE为22.6%,在M5.5Ve频谱下显示为12.6%.
  • 宽带间隔OPV (PM6:o-IDTBR,1.62 eV) 在G2V下实现了18.2%的PCE,但在M5.5Ve照明下仅达到0.9%.

结论:

  • 太阳能效率高度依赖于恒星光谱,需要针对不同类型的恒星优化带隙.
  • 轻质有机光伏,特别是狭窄带隙系统,证明了在太空应用中采集能源的潜力,甚至来自红矮星.
  • 针对特定恒星光谱量身定制的OPV材料的进一步研究对于未来的星际任务是有必要的.