北方三角的灾难:使用EM-DAT数据库进行描述性分析1902-2022年
R Myles Dickason1, Attila J Hertelendy1,2, Alexander Hart1,3,4
1BIDMC Disaster Medicine Fellowship, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA.
Prehospital and disaster medicine
|September 27, 2023
概括
洪水和风暴等气象灾害在北方三角是最频繁和最严重的. 了解灾害趋势对于制定有效的准备和减缓战略以减少未来影响至关重要.
科学领域:
- 灾难科学 科学 灾难科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 北方三角 (危地马拉,洪都拉斯,萨尔瓦多) 经历了一个多世纪的毁灭性自然灾害,造成了大量的生命损失和经济损失.
- 超过10万人的死亡和数以百万计的受影响突出显示,迫切需要了解灾难模式,以有效缓解灾难.
研究的目的:
- 对1902年至2022年在危地马拉,洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多记录的所有灾害进行全面的描述性分析.
- 确定北方三角地区灾害频率,严重程度和经济影响的趋势.
主要方法:
- 使用紧急事件数据库 (EM-DAT) 来收集和分析数据.
- 根据频率,严重程度,财务成本,国家分布,死亡率,受影响人口和灾害类型对灾害进行分类.
- 以绝对数和百分比的形式呈现发现,随着时间的推移可视化趋势.
主要成果:
- 在1902年至2022年期间,北方三角地区记录了359起灾难.
- 最常见的是气象事件 (44%),其次是交通事故 (13%).
- 气象事件和地震造成了最严重的影响:62%的死亡,60%受影响,86%的财务成本. 危地马拉经历了最多的灾害,死亡和受影响的个人,而财务成本均分布.
结论:
- 气象灾害是北方三角洲的主要和最严重的威胁.
- 由于气候变化,风暴的严重程度越来越大,需要加强防灾准备和减灾策略.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决数据的局限性,并完善未来的灾害风险评估.
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