在青少年游泳样本中单体育和多体育参与的视觉表示:对早期专业化的定义和讨论的影响
Heather K Larson1, Bradley W Young2, Tara-Leigh F McHugh1
1Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
PloS one
|September 27, 2023
概括
对早期体育专业化的担忧可能被夸大了,因为大多数年轻运动员增加了体育的多样性. 研究表明,在青春期之前,很少有孩子会持续地参加单一的运动,这挑战了当前的叙述.
科学领域:
- 儿科运动医学 儿科运动医学
- 年轻人参与体育运动.
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
背景情况:
- 人们担心早期体育专业化的负面影响,如倦怠和受伤.
- 支持早期专业化普遍性的证据有限.
- 早期专业化的定义各不相同,通常集中在青春期前单一体育参与.
研究的目的:
- 调查年轻运动员中单体育运动与多体育运动的普遍性.
- 分析6-12岁的运动参与的纵向模式.
- 检查体育参与中的性别和俱乐部类型差异.
主要方法:
- 对236名竞技游泳者 (年龄12-17岁) 的回顾性纵向研究.
- 家长调查收集了6-12岁儿童每年参加体育运动的数据.
- 用集群热图和混合差异分析进行数据分析.
主要成果:
- 只有4%的参与者每年从6岁到12岁之间始终从事单一运动.
- 60%的参与者每年增加了他们的体育活动数量,特别是女孩.
- 季节性游泳者每年参加的体育活动比全年游泳者多.
结论:
- 关于广泛的早期体育专业化的常见叙述如果被定义为单一运动参与,可能会被夸大.
- 纵向运动参与模式高度个性化,不符合典型的指导方针.
- 进一步的研究应该探索早期专业化的其他组成部分,这些可能与不良结果有关.
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