乳牛养低饮食的平衡基于不同比例的新鲜草和玉米料
M Ferreira1, R Delagarde1, N Edouard1
1PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France.
Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience
|September 27, 2023
概括
在乳牛的草食中增加玉米料减少了 (N) 损失,但也显著降低了干物摄入量 (DMI) 和牛奶产量. 这些缺乏N的饮食,虽然最大限度地减少了N的排泄,但对于奶牛的表现证明是不可持续的.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 营养生理学 营养生理学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 乳制品农场的目标是通过减少环境影响和 (N) 损失来实现可持续性,同时提高料自给.
- 草基系统经常用玉米料补充新鲜草,但其对奶牛表现和N排泄的影响尚不清楚.
- 优化料策略对于平衡环境目标与生产性奶牛养殖至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化增加新鲜草饮食中的玉米料比例对乳牛N流和新陈代谢的影响.
- 评估对奶牛表现指标的影响,包括干物质摄入量 (DMI) 和牛奶产量.
- 在不同的食度下,评估 (N) 在便和尿液中的分泌.
主要方法:
- 给8只哺乳期的母牛进行了4种增加玉米料比例的饮食治疗 (0,17,34,51% DM).
- 在三个为期3周的实验期间,采用了4x3拉丁方形设计.
- 测量包括DMI,牛奶产量,便和尿液产量以及各自的N度.
主要成果:
- 随着玉米料的增加,饮食原蛋白 (CP) 度从108g/kg DM线性下降到86g/kg DM.
- 随着玉米料的增加,DM摄入量和牛奶产量线性下降,分别为3.3公斤/天和100克/天.
- 在便和尿液中的分泌量线性下降,分别为29g/day和23g/day,其中包括更多的玉米料.
结论:
- 在没有蛋白质补充剂的低N草饮食中增加玉米料,创造了高度N缺乏的饮食.
- 虽然减少了N的损失,但这种策略导致了DMI和牛奶产量的不可持续的减少.
- 需要仔细的配方来平衡N摄入量,环境影响和草基系统中的动物表现.
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