基托桑对乳头发酵和微生物群落,甲排放和乳牛生产绩效的影响
Jagoba Rey1, Xabier Díaz de Otálora1,2, Raquel Atxaerandio1
1NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Department of Animal Production, Campus Agroalimentario de Arkaute s/n, 01192 Arcaute, Spain.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|September 28, 2023
概括
在奶牛中补充胆化物 (CHI) 改变了肠微生物,增加了特定细菌和减少原生动物,但没有减少甲排放或影响牛奶产量.
科学领域:
- 食动物的营养
- 动物微生物学动物微生物学
- 环境科学环境科学
背景情况:
- 在反动物中的甲基生成有助于温室气体排放.
- 了解料添加剂对乳头功能的影响对于可持续的畜牧业生产至关重要.
- 胆化物 (CHI) 是一种潜在的料添加剂,可以调节肠发酵.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究CHI补充剂对哺乳乳乳母牛中甲基生成和肠微生物种群的影响.
- 确定CHI对生产性能,牛奶成分和发酵效率的影响.
- 为了阐明CHI在乳头中的作用方式.
主要方法:
- 在体内对16头哺乳乳奶牛进行实验,分为对照组和CHI补充组 (每天135毫克CHI/体重千克).
- 评估生产性能,牛奶成分,发酵参数,甲排放,微生物蛋白质合成和牛微生物群落.
- 对特定细菌和原生动物种群的相对丰度的分析.
主要成果:
- 补充CHI并没有改变乳头的微生物多样性.
- 增加了无气质菌的相对丰富性和减少了毛状动物和原生动物的种群.
- 转发酵转向较低的酸与酸比率.
- 没有观察到对牛奶产量,牛奶成分或甲强度的显著影响.
结论:
- 补充135毫克CHI/体重千克会改变肠微生物种群,有利于纤维降解细菌和减少原生动物.
- 观察到的发酵向更高酸比例的转变并没有转化为减少甲排放或改善牛奶产量/成分.
- 可能需要更高的CHI剂量才能在奶牛中实现显著的甲抑制.
相关概念视频
01:26Microbes and Methanogenesis
Methanogenesis is a critical microbial process in anaerobic ecosystems responsible for the biological production of methane, a potent greenhouse gas and valuable biofuel. This metabolic pathway is primarily facilitated by methanogenic archaea, which thrive in anoxic environments such as wetlands, sediments, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. The absence of oxygen in these habitats prevents aerobic respiration, thereby favoring alternative biochemical pathways for organic matter degradation.In...
01:29Microbes in Food Production
Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
01:27Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
01:25Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
01:25Production of Organic Acids
Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...