在接受选择性手术的儿科患者的胃内容和体积的超声波评估:一项前性观察性研究
Asiye Demirel1, Şeyda Efsun Özgünay1, Şermin Eminoğlu1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa 16310, Turkey.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
概括
患有吸血风险的儿科外科患者可以使用床边超声波来评估胃内容. 这种非侵入性工具有助于识别高风险的胃,即使是不确定的禁食时间,确保患者的安全.
科学领域:
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 儿科手术 儿科手术
- 医疗成像医学成像
背景情况:
- 与麻醉相关的肺吸气是儿科手术中罕见但严重的并发症,发生在0.02-0.1%的病例中.
- 准确评估胃部的含量对于预防吸血至关重要,特别是在有沟通障碍的儿科患者中.
- 胃的超声波是一种可靠的,非侵入性的床边工具,用于评估吸入风险.
研究的目的:
- 用超声波检查经过选择性手术的儿童的胃内容并确定"高风险胃".
- 评估超声波在确定儿科患者的吸收风险方面的实用性,特别是那些口服吸收史不确定的患者.
- 为了将超声波发现与患者的人口统计数据 (如年龄和BMI) 相关联.
主要方法:
- 一项前性观察性研究,涉及97名2至18岁的儿童接受选择性手术.
- 进行了胃腹腔的床边超声检查 (仰卧和右侧下垂位置).
- 胃液含量被分级 (0-2),并测量腹腔横截面积 (CSA) 来计算胃体积 (佩拉斯公式).
主要成果:
- 在任何儿童身上都没有检测到固体胃内容.
- 五名儿童 (5.2%) 患有2级心脏 (两种位置都有可见液体).
- "高风险胃" (胃体积>1.25毫升/千克或固体含量) 的总发病率为1%,只有一个儿童被确定为高风险.
结论:
- 超声波是一种有价值的,非侵入性的床边工具,用于评估儿科手术患者的胃内容和吸入风险.
- 该研究证实,在被研究的儿科人口中,高风险胃病的发病率很低 (1%).
- 建议定期进行超声波评估,以确定吸入风险,特别是当禁食时间不确定或未知时.
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