跳跃机制:儿童时期的参考百度和引入神经肌肉指数来量化运动效率
Kyriakos Martakis1,2, Ute Alexy3, Christina Stark4
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
Journal of clinical medicine
|September 28, 2023
概括
这项研究开发了德国儿童的跳跃性能百分点,发现肥胖儿童的跳跃效率和速度较低. 这些发现有助于监测儿科运动发育.
科学领域:
- 儿科运动发展 儿科运动发展
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 营养人类学.
背景情况:
- 跳跃机械学提供了儿童运动功能的可靠指标.
- 缺少德国儿童和青少年跳跃表现的标准化参考数据.
- 肥胖与身体能力的改变有关,但对跳跃机制的具体影响需要详细分析.
研究的目的:
- 确定德国儿童和青少年单双腿跳跃 (S2LJ) 绩效的规范百分点.
- 为了研究跳跃参数的性别特异性差异.
- 为了确定与非肥胖同龄人相比,肥胖儿童的运动功能差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了德国多特蒙德营养和人体测量长度设计 (DONALD) 研究 (2004-2021) 的数据.
- 采集了882名参与者 (6-18岁) 的S2LJ数据 (以最大高度为目标),使用地面反应部队平台.
- 应用LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) 方法来开发关键跳跃参数的百分点,包括速度 (vmax),跳跃高度 (hmax),相对力 (Fmax/BW),相对功率 (Pmax/质量) 和新的神经肌肉指数 (NMI).
主要成果:
- 在德国青年中开发了S2LJ绩效指标的百分点.
- 在整个童年和青春期观察到男性和女性跳跃参数的独特发育轨迹.
- 肥胖儿童的相对力,跳跃高度,速度和NMI显著下降,这表明运动效率下降.
结论:
- 已建立的S2LJ百分位数为监测儿童运动发育提供了有价值的工具.
- 神经肌肉指数 (NMI) 作为跳跃时神经肌肉效率的可靠指标.
- 运动性能,特别是跳跃效率,受到儿童肥胖的负面影响.
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