通用主义捕食者在热带岛屿链沿线塑造生物抵抗力
Kris A G Wyckhuys1,2,3, Johanna Audrey Leatemia4, Muhammad Zainal Fanani5,6
1Chrysalis Consulting, Danang 50000, Vietnam.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2023
概括
岛上普遍存在的捕食者,即使在生物多样性较低的环境中,也提供了对害虫的显著生物抵抗力. 保护这些捕食者对于面临全球生物多样性丧失的弹性农业生态系统至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 岛屿生物地理 岛屿生物地理
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 岛屿是研究生物多样性和生态系统功能相互作用的独特模型.
- 捕食者-猎物动态是生物耐药性的关键组成部分,特别是在岛屿生态系统中,那里的上层食物营养水平可能处于不利地位.
研究的目的:
- 量化印度尼西亚岛屿上两种主要农业害虫 - - 麻豆虫 (Phenacoccus manihoti) 和秋季军虫 (Spodoptera frugiperda) - - 对掠食者介导的生物耐药性的研究.
- 研究一般性捕食者在不同岛屿生物多样性环境中的害虫种群调控中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在9个印度尼西亚岛屿进行了观察和操纵实地研究.
- 在感染P. manihoti. 的植物上监测了捕食者的丰富性和活动.
- 对S. frugiperda生命阶段的寄居捕食者造成的死亡率进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 一般性捕食者 (翅,蜘蛛,) 聚集在P. manihoti上,但生物耐药性,以捕食者/猎物比率衡量,没有显示岛际差异.
- 一种引入的寄生虫,而不是居住的捕食者,是P. manihoti种群的主要调节者.
- 居住在土壤中的导致S. frugiperda的死亡率高达100%,导致较小岛屿的生存率明显降低.
- 对S. frugiperda的生物耐药性在岛屿环境,季节和生态区域 (天花板与土壤) 之间有所不同.
结论:
- 泛型捕食者是生物对害虫耐药性的重要驱动因素,即使在生物多样性较差的岛屿环境中.
- 在农业景观中保护一般性掠食者对于保持生态系统对入侵物种和生物多样性丧失的弹性至关重要.
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