在5岁以下的儿童中,IPV是否能增强肠道免疫力? 来自巴基斯坦的经验
Muhammad Atif Habib1, Sajid Bashir Soofi1,2, Imtiaz Hussain1
1Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
Vaccines
|September 28, 2023
概括
不活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (IPV) 增强了儿童的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 免疫力,但没有为阻止脊髓灰质炎病毒传播提供关键的肠道免疫力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 是消除脊髓灰质炎的关键,特别是在低收入国家,并且已经根除了野生2型脊髓灰质炎病毒.
- 不活化脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (IPV) 为OPV提供了更安全的替代方案,可以预防麻性脊髓灰质炎,没有不良反应.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较之前接受OPV免疫的儿童对脊髓灰质炎疫苗的粘膜和幽默免疫反应.
- 评估居住在脊髓灰质炎病毒传播高的地区的儿童的免疫缺口.
主要方法:
- 一个集群随机试验,涉及360个集群的5岁以下的儿童在巴基斯坦.
- 三个部门:常规双价OPV (bOPV),附加卫生服务的bOPV和IPV助推器的bOPV.
- 通过血液和便样本评估幽默 (血清抗体) 和肠道免疫力.
主要成果:
- 组C (IPV + OPV) 显示了最高的1型脊髓灰质炎病毒血清抗体水平.
- 在所有组中,接受常规OPV剂量的儿童中,2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体标位较高.
- IPV微小地增强了幽默免疫力,但没有提供肠道免疫力.
结论:
- 在至少两次OPV剂量后的IPV助推剂可以解决OPV效率低于最佳的地区的免疫缺口.
- 仅IPV本身并不能赋予肠道免疫力,这对于防止幼儿麻病毒在原始人群中传播至关重要.
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