关于自然绝经时的年龄的门德尔随机化研究的综述
Xiao Zhang1,2,3, Zhao Huangfu4, Shaowei Wang1,2,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
Frontiers in endocrinology
|September 28, 2023
概括
自然更年期 (ANM) 的异常年龄与各种健康风险有关. 门德尔随机化研究揭示了ANM与骨质疏松症,2型糖尿病和癌症等疾病之间的因果关系,突出了其显著的健康影响.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 生殖健康 生殖健康
背景情况:
- 更年期意味着女性生殖能力的停止.
- 流行病学研究表明,自然更年期 (ANM) 的异常年龄与不良健康结果之间存在联系,包括骨质疏松症,心血管疾病和癌症.
- 需要进一步澄清ANM与这些结果之间的因果关系.
研究的目的:
- 审查孟德尔随机化 (MR) 研究,调查ANM与各种疾病或特征之间的因果关系.
- 确定导致早期和晚期ANM的病因因素.
- 探索ANM作为疾病发展中介者的作用.
主要方法:
- 孟德尔随机化 (MR) 研究的系统综述.
- 在遗传关联研究中分析ANM作为暴露,结果和媒介.
- 检查遗传变异作为工具变量来推断因果关系.
主要成果:
- 早期的ANM病因与较高的体重指数,较低的教育程度,早期初潮,早期的第一次活产,早期的性交和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有关.
- 晚期ANM的病因似乎受到提升的自由甲状腺素4水平和甲基四甲基酸盐减少酶基因突变的影响.
- 早期的ANM显示因果关系与骨质疏松症,骨折,2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗的风险增加.
- 晚期ANM因果关系与静脉血压升高,乳腺,子宫内膜,卵巢和肺癌的风险增加,寿命长,气流阻塞以及帕金森病的风险降低有关.
- ANM作为乳腺癌风险的调解者,受出生体重和儿童体型的影响.
结论:
- 门德尔随机化为ANM对各种健康结果的因果影响提供了宝贵的见解.
- 确定了影响ANM病因及其对癌症,糖尿病和骨质疏松症等疾病的因果影响的因素.
- 需要对更强大的遗传变异进行进一步的研究,以解决ANM研究中的不一致性和加强因果推理.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Longitudinal Research
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Regression Toward the Mean
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Meiosis I
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Randomized Experiments
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Simple randomization
Simple...
Menopause
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...


