中国草原生态系统保护和恢复的好处,潜力和风险
Jiahui Li1, Lin Huang2, Wei Cao2
1State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
The Science of the total environment
|September 28, 2023
概括
中国的草原生态系统保护和恢复 (GECR) 产生了显著的生态价值,投资回报是其成本的446倍. 南方地区的效率更高,而北方和西藏地区需要有针对性的战略来有效恢复.
科学领域:
- 生态与环境科学 生态与环境科学
- 生态系统服务的估值
- 可持续的土地管理
背景情况:
- 草原退化对生态系统服务,生物多样性和人类福祉构成严重威胁,在可持续发展中经常被忽视.
- 中国已经实施了许多草原生态系统保护和恢复 (GECR) 项目,但它们的有效性和成本效益在很大程度上尚未评估.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个综合评估框架来评估GECR的好处.
- 估计GECR倡议的生态价值和输入-输出效率.
- 确定GECR实施的未来潜在和风险领域.
主要方法:
- 生态价值会计用于量化草原生态系统服务.
- 对GECR项目的输入-输出效率估计.
- 空间分析用于预测GECR的未来潜力和风险区域.
主要成果:
- 2020年,中国草原生态系统的年度生态价值为246万亿元人民币,GECR投资超过70亿元人民币,产生3478亿元人民币的收益 (1:446比).
- 在过去二十年中,GECR对中国近90%的草原产生了积极影响.
- 具有有利条件的南部省份显示高GECR效率 (>1:2000比),而干旱/半干旱的北方和西藏高山草原的效率较低.
结论:
- 中国的GECR显示出了巨大的生态和经济效益,突出了其对可持续发展的重要性.
- 水热条件的区域差异显著影响GECR的效率,需要量身定制的方法.
- 针对性的GECR战略对于西藏 (高潜力,低风险) 和内蒙古 (低潜力,高风险) 等地区至关重要,以最大限度地提高收益并减轻退化.
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