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病毒但不是细菌社区的连续模式反映了干旱土壤重新湿后不久的极端周转

Christian Santos-Medellín¹, Steven J Blazewicz², Jennifer Pett-Ridge^2,3,4

¹Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Nature ecology & evolution

|September 28, 2023

概括

雨后土壤病毒显著增加,导致微生物变化和营养循环. 这种病毒活动,特别是菌体掠食,会影响细菌种群和草原干旱后的生态系统恢复.

科学领域:

土壤微生物学土壤微生物学
生态生态学生态生态学
病毒学病毒学

背景情况:

病毒是微生物死亡率和土壤生态系统中营养循环的关键驱动因素.
由于土壤的复杂性和时间动态,了解陆地环境中的病毒作用具有挑战性.
在地中海草原上,季节性干旱之后的降雨为研究生态系统重置和微生物活动提供了一个独特的窗口.

研究的目的:

为了研究病毒, prokaryotic 和遗留DNA动态,以响应干草地土壤中模拟降雨.
在重新灌后,对土壤微生物群落和病毒群体的短期时间变化进行表征.
确定病毒掠食对细菌种群和干旱后的营养循环的影响.

主要方法:

从四个不同的干草地土壤中模拟微观的降水.
产生了144个病毒组,84个元基因组和84个16S rRNA基因片数据集.
在10天的时间里分析了病毒, prokaryotic 和遗留DNA的动态.

主要成果:

重灌土壤导致病毒丰富度的显著增加和广泛的成分周转.
Prokaryotic 社区的继承不如病毒动态明显,这表明不同的活动尺度.
通过匹配的丰度转移来表明对主导细菌种群 (Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria) 的病毒掠食.
迅速耗尽的遗留DNA的重新灌,然后再积累,这意味着新的微生物死亡率,特别是菌体向的种群.

结论:

通过微生物溶解产生多样化的病毒颗粒是对土壤重新湿化的保留反应.
结果表明"杀死赢家"的动态,病毒调节但不消除主导宿主群体.
病毒活动在干旱后的生态系统恢复和草原中的营养循环中发挥着至关重要的作用.

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