这是一个惊喜! 绘制场景:在自然场景中进行视觉搜索后,视觉回忆揭示了不良的偶然工作记忆
Nicolás Cárdenas-Miller1, Ryan E O'Donnell1,2, Joyce Tam1
1Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Memory & cognition
|September 28, 2023
概括
在自然场景中的视觉搜索可能不需要强大的内存编码. 即使在关注目标时,个人也可以在不形成对场景或物品的强烈记忆的情况下定位它们,从而优化认知资源.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 视觉感知 视觉感知 视觉感知
- 记忆研究 记忆研究
背景情况:
- 在复杂的自然场景中进行视觉搜索往往会导致偶然的记忆编码.
- 属性遗忘症 (AA) 研究表明,在没有强大的特征偶然记忆的情况下,可以找到目标.
- 在自然场景搜索过程中对记忆编码的必要性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查自然场景中的视觉搜索是否需要记忆编码.
- 检查注意力,搜索性能和偶然记忆形成之间的关系.
- 确定目标是否可以在没有对场景或物品的牢固记忆的情况下被定位.
主要方法:
- 使用基于绘图的视觉回忆与属性失忆 (AA) 搜索任务相结合.
- 参与者反复在新奇的自然场景中寻找目标.
- 对场景或目标进行了意外绘图试验,随后进行了预期绘图试验.
主要成果:
- 来自惊喜回忆试验的场景和目标的绘图难以识别.
- 参与者在预测绘画任务时制作了高度可识别的图纸.
- 惊喜试验中的记忆缺陷不仅仅是由于意外事件的干扰.
结论:
- 在自然场景中定位目标不一定需要对场景或目标进行强大的记忆编码.
- 在视觉搜索过程中,注意力和记忆之间可能存在脱节.
- 这种分离可能是一个认知策略,以优化性能和节约资源.
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