当污染的钱应该为公共产品提供资金时:筹款专业和公共道德偏好
Zoe Rahwan1, Christina Leuker1
1Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
PNAS nexus
|September 29, 2023
概括
机构经常面临着与受污染的捐款的困境. 研究表明,人们拒绝犯罪捐款,但专业人士对大额捐款持谨慎态度,影响了接受有争议的礼物的政策.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 伦理学 伦理学 伦理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 慈善事业对于教育和研究等公共产品至关重要.
- 机构正在努力接受来自道德上有疑问的来源的捐款,平衡社会利益与声誉风险.
- 现有的管理受污染捐款的政策往往不够,许多专业筹款机构缺乏机构指导方针.
研究的目的:
- 实证地调查污染的捐赠的道德可接受性.
- 检查影响决定接受有争议的捐赠的因素,包括污染性质,捐赠规模,匿名性和机构类型.
- 为了比较普通人和专业的筹款者对受污染的捐款的看法.
主要方法:
- 利用了两大样本的美国平民 (N=2,019;2,566) 和一个样本的专业筹款者 (N=694).
- 根据道德污染的性质 (犯罪与模两可),捐赠规模,捐赠者的匿名性和接受机构的类型来评估道德可接受性.
- 分析了不同样本和因素的趋同,分歧和冷漠的模式.
主要成果:
- 在所有样本中,在拒绝与犯罪行为相关的捐款方面都观察到趋同.
- 专业的筹款者与非专业人士相比,对大型污染的捐款表现出更大的厌恶.
- 匿名性起到了边缘作用,而平民对大学和博物馆的标准比对慈善机构的标准更为严格.
结论:
- 在处理受污染的捐款时,复杂的道德权衡被普通人和专业人士以不同的方式解决.
- 调查结果强调需要细微的政策制定,以指导机构管理与有争议的捐助者的关系.
- 经验见解可以为道德决策提供信息,并改善有关慈善资金的机构实践.
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