旧朋友假设:进化,免疫调节和微生物必需投入
1Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, UCL (University College London), London, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in allergy
|September 29, 2023
概括
现代生活方式减少了对必需微生物的暴露,导致免疫系统失调和慢性炎症性疾病的增加. 恢复这种暴露是改善免疫健康和预防过敏和自身免疫的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在城市化社会中,慢性炎症性疾病 (过敏,自身免疫,炎症性肠道疾病) 的流行率不断上升.
- 炎症生物标志物的增加与代谢,心血管和精神疾病的风险更高相关.
- 这些趋势表明免疫系统调节失败,防止对无害物质的攻击,并解决炎症.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查有关免疫失调的老朋友假设.
- 识别对免疫系统发育和调节性T细胞 (Treg) 扩张至关重要的微生物.
- 了解人类对特定微生物免疫调节的依赖的进化基础.
主要方法:
- 利用进化方法来识别共同进化的微生物,这些微生物对于免疫调节至关重要.
- 分析共生微生物群成分在免疫系统发育中的作用.
- 确定影响暴露于这些"老朋友"微生物的生活方式变化.
主要成果:
- "老朋友"假设认为,对特定微生物的不充分暴露会损害免疫调节.
- 基本的免疫调节生物体是从母亲,家庭和自然环境中获得的,是健康微生物群的一部分.
- 生活方式的改变,通常与发达国家较低的社会经济地位有关,破坏了这一至关重要的暴露.
结论:
- 重新接触"老朋友"微生物可以纠正免疫调节缺陷.
- 教育,饮食和城市规划方面的干预措施可以帮助恢复有益的微生物暴露.
- 除了微生物恢复之外,解决上皮损伤和其他促成因素对于全面的免疫健康至关重要.
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