粘膜黑色素瘤:流行病学,临床特征和治疗方法
Maria Chiara Sergi1, Elisabetta Filoni2, Giacomo Triggiano2
1Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Oncology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy. sergimariachiara@gmail.com.
Current oncology reports
|September 29, 2023
概括
粘膜黑色素瘤 (MM) 在其基因组特征上与皮肤黑色素瘤 (CM) 不同. 新型疗法至关重要,因为目前的免疫疗法等治疗方法对这种侵袭性癌症的益处有限.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 粘膜黑色素瘤 (MM) 是一种侵袭性影响粘膜的癌症,在亚洲人群中发病率较高.
- 与皮肤黑色素瘤 (CM) 不同,MM的病因不明,紫外线暴露不是已知的危险因素.
- 由于微妙的早期症状,MM通常在晚期被诊断为MM,导致预后不佳 (5年生存率<20%).
研究的目的:
- 审查关于粘膜黑色素瘤 (MM) 的管理和新疗法的最新文献.
- 突出MM与CM相比,MM的独特基因组和分子格局.
- 为了确定MM治疗策略的未满足需求.
主要方法:
- 最近几年发表的研究文献综述.
- 对基因组和分子数据的分析,将MM与CM区分开来.
- 对MM的现有和新兴治疗方法的评估.
主要成果:
- 与CM相比,MM表现出独特的基因组和分子特征,影响治疗反应异质性.
- 免疫疗法和向治疗对MM提供了有限的益处.
- 在MM中观察到BRAF,NRAS和c-KIT/CD117的突变,影响治疗选择.
- 与CM相比,MM对免疫治疗的反应降低了.
结论:
- 针对新分子的新型治疗策略对于改善MM患者存活率至关重要.
- 进一步研究MM的病原和独特的分子点是有必要的.
- 开发有效的MM治疗方法仍然是瘤学的关键挑战.
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